The Ministry of Education (MOE), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Ministry of Unification (MOU), Ministry of Justice (MOJ), Ministry of National Defense (MND), Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS), the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), the Korean National Police Agency (KNPA) and the  National Unification Advisory Council (NUAC) are the main actors involved in the NAP.

Development

For the third NAP cycle, the National Unification Advisory Council (NUAC), a presidential consultative body, participated. Led and coordinated by MOGEF as the main ministry in charge, the third NAP (2021-2023) was drawn up through close collaboration among ten government ministries and agencies, including the MOE, MOFA, MOU, MOJ, MND, MOIS, KNPA, KOICA and NUAC.

Implementation

In order to ensure effective implementation of the third NAP, the Republic of Korea established a mechanism to monitor the implementation, and set up a civic advisory panel to promote broader public-private governance cooperation, involving relevant civil society organizations, academia, and experts. To be more specific, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family convenes an Implementation Monitoring meeting annually, with the participation of each implementing ministry and agency and the civic advisors, the results of which is reported to the Gender Equality Committee established in accordance with the Framework Act on Gender Equality. Taking a step further, each implementing ministry and agency is expected to conduct its own Implementation Monitoring meeting once a year in the presence of external experts to ensure more in-depth stocktaking. This is intended for the ministries and agencies to devise their own practical measures for implementation and improvement aligned with the attributes and expertise specific to their work. Also, each implementing body establishes its own Implementation Monitoring system, taking into account its distinctive characteristics.

Monitoring

The ROK's third NAP, after three years from its launch, will be re-examined and revised in terms of its overall objectives, strategies, andaction plans through consultations among government ministries, relevant stakeholders and civil society.

The implementation period for the South Korean NAP is three years (2021-2023).

The ROK's third NAP comprises of 11 objectives and 24 strategies in five areas: Prevention, Participation, Protection, Relief and Recovery, andImplementation Monitoring. Specific objectives include:

For prevention:

• (Objective 1) Improve the capacity for women, peace and security among people working in areas such as conflict prevention, peace, unification, and international development cooperation  
• (Objective 2) Strengthen gender mainstreaming into the policies on national defense, foreign affairs, security, peace, unification, and public safety  
• (Objective 3) Strengthen international and inter-Korean cooperation in the area of women, peace, and security 
• (Objective 4) Raise public awareness and build consensus on women, peace, and security 

For participation:

• (Objective 5) Expand women's participation in the areas of national defense, foreign affairs, security, peace, unification, and public safety
• (Objective 6) Build good governance regarding the women, peace, and security agenda

For protection:

• (Objective 7) Ensure effective remedies for victims and survivors of sexual violence by the military and in conflict zones, and strengthen penalties on the offenders
• (Objective 8) Provide support for female defectors from North Korea and refugee women

For relief and recovery:

• (Objective 9) Provide support for the restoration of victims and survivors of conflict 
• (Objective 10) Strengthen international development cooperation in the areas of women, peace, and security

For monitoring and implementation:

• (Objective 11) Establish a monitoring system and build foundation for effective implementation of the NAP

Some activities include:

• Incorporate gender perspectives in the policies on national defense, foreign affairs, peace, unification and public safety through the following activities: Expand gender impact assessment and gender-responsive budgeting for national defense, foreign affairs, peace, unification, and public safety policies; Reflect gender perspectives in the establishment and improvement of basic plans concerning unification and development cooperation, e.g., Basic Plan for the Development of Inter-Korean Relations and Basic Plan for International Development Cooperation.
• Strengthen the capacity of the military for gender responsiveness through the following action:Establish and regularly review the military's sexual violence prevention plans and conduct gender-sensitive education for military personnel.
•  Intensify cooperation with the United Nations and support gender-sensitive peacebuilding activities through the following activities: Actively participate in the UN-level discussions on WPS, including WPS Focal Points Network; Provide financial assistance for the United Nation's WPS initiatives.

The NAP does not establish indicators.

The M&E procedure is established by objective 11 and incudes the following activities:

• Conduct Monitoring on implementation on a regular basis and built public-private governance through the following activities: Hold annual monitoring meetings, at both inter-ministerial and each implementing body levels, jointly with the representative members of the civil society; Operate a civic advisory panel and guarantee their participation in implementation monitoring.
• Solidify the foundation for effective implementation through the following activities: Report the results of implementation and monitoring of NAP to the Gender Equality Committee; Make efforts to secure a budget for implementation of NAP.

There is no information about the NAP’s budget.

The NAP does not mention disarmament.

Actors

NAP Development

According to the NAP, the government of South Korea identified opportunities for improvement in expanding the scope of areas on women, peace and security and strengthening participation from civil society in this area and in implementation. Accordingly, there has been an attempt to include diverse views into the second NAP from relevant  government ministries, civil society and academia in the drafting of the second NAP. 

WILPF was not involved in the NAP development process.

According to the NAP, the  Ministry of Gender  Equality and Family  (MOGEF), as the main  implementation agency for the first  NAP,  “led a  government-wide  effort  to  draft the  second NAP in close  cooperation  with  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs (MOFA), Ministry  of  Justice (MOJ),  Ministry  of  National  Defense (MND),  Ministry  of  Unification(MOU), Ministry of the Interior and Safety(MOIS), Ministry of Education (MOE), the Korean National  Police  Agency (KNPA) and  the  Korea  International  Cooperation  Agency (KOICA)”

NAP Implementation

The NAP does not identify Korean civil society in the overall design of the NAP. The plan indicates that “in   the   course of implementing the  NAP, the Government will step up   direct engagement  with civil  society and promote public-private  governance. Furthermore, the  Government remains  committed  to  refining  the  overall objectives,  strategies  and action items of the NAP in consultation with civil society three years after its launch”.  According to the NAP, civil society is part of a promotion of “public-private governance” in the areas of defense, security, peace and unification.

There is an added area for Implementation and Monitoring from the previous NAP. The main implementation agency, the  Ministry  of  Gender  Equality  and  Family  (MOGEF), is working in close  cooperation  with  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs (MOFA), Ministry  of  Justice (MOJ),  Ministry  of  National  Defense (MND),  Ministry  of  Unification (MOU), Ministry of the Interior and Safety(MOIS), Ministry of Education (MOE),the Korean National  Police  Agency (KNPA) and  the  Korea  International  Cooperation  Agency (KOICA).

NAP Monitoring and Evaluation

Civil society’s role in monitoring and evaluation is not mentioned in the NAP except for an allusion to “civil experts”. The NAP states “to ensure effective implementation and monitoring of  the NAP, inter-agency meetings will be held twice a year  in  which  all  relevant  ministries and agencies participate with civil experts present”.

The NAP defines twelve objectives with strategies followed by concrete actions taken by the relevant government ministries and agencies. To ensure effective implementation and  monitoring  of  the NAP, inter-agency  meetings will  be held  twice  a  year  in  which  all  relevant  ministries and agencies participate with civil experts present.

Timeframe

The ROK NAP will be in effect three years from its initial date (2018-2021).

Objectives

The NAP identifies twelve objectives compiled under the four pillars of SCR 1325:

Prevention

1. Raise  awareness  of women, peace  and security and enhance capacity for  personnel working in the areas of conflict prevention and peacebuilding
2. Expand the scope of a gender responsive approach in the areas of national defense, security, peace, unification and disaster/crisisprevention
3. Scale up activities for women, peace and security through international cooperation
4. Raise public awareness of women, peace and security

Participation

1. Ensure broader participation by women in the areas of national defense, security, peace and unification
2. Promote public-private governance in the areas of national defense, security, peace and unification

Protection

1. Provide support for victims of sexual violence in conflict
2. Extend support for sexual violence victims in the military
3. Deliver support for DPRK women defectors and refugees

Relief & Recovery

1. Lay the foundation for development cooperation from the perspective of women, peace and security
2. Reinforce women's participation and protective support in development cooperation in conflict areas
3. Solidify the foundation for implementation

Actions/Activities

The actions to be implemented under the NAP are clearly stated and straightforward in how they are connected to the larger goal. For example, under the Prevention Goal 3, the NAP states: Scale up activities for women, peace and security through international cooperation. 

Strategy 1: Build a prevention system at the international organization level Implementing Ministry/Agency Action

1. Actively engage in meetings on women’s rights, make supportive remarks on women, peace and security issues and cooperate with related UN Human Rights MechanismMOFA 
2. As a member of the UN Human Rights Council (2016-2018), support resolutions related to women, peace and security and cooperate with the Special Procedures of the HRC with regard to the implementation of their mandates related to gender equality and the prevention ofsexual violence 
3. Make remarks on women, peace and security issues and carry out cooperative activities in international conferences related to trafficking in persons, including the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ) MOJ
4. Implementactively the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children,supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
5. Support activities on women, peace and security led by domestic and international NGOs in international conference

Indicators

Republic of Korea does not offer any indicators to measure the progress of objectives and actions presented in their NAP.

Monitoring and Evaluation

To ensure effective  implementation and monitoring  of the NAP, inter-agency meetings will  be held twice a year in which all relevant  ministries and agencies participate with civil experts present. In   the course of implementing the NAP, the Government will step up   direct engagement with civil society and promote public-private governance. Furthermore, the  Government remains committed to refining the overall objectives, strategies and action items of the NAP in consultation with civil society three years after its launch.

Budget

There is no budget included in the NAP.

Disarmament

There is no mention of disarmament, weapons, or arms flows in the NAP.